Source: http://healthylove.info/spring-valley-herbs.html
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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/six-cases-reported-meningitis-outbreak-200247683.html
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"The rich are taxed enough," argued Columbia Business School Dean Glenn Hubbard.
The man who The New York Times called Mitt Romney's "go-to economist" and who is considered a leading candidate to be treasury secretary in a Republican administration made his case at a debate in New York.
"Raising tax rates on the rich is both counter-productive and unnecessary to fund the government we want," said Hubbard.
While steering clear of specifics, Hubbard told the audience at the Intelligence Squared Debate that "higher tax rates won't necessarily produce enhancements in revenue."
"We can and should achieve fairness and growth without taxing the rich more than they are today," he said.
Hubbard's somewhat dry tone was balanced by the passion of one of his debate opponents, former Clinton Labor Secretary Robert Reich. Speaking against the motion "the rich are taxed enough," Reich argued called the idea "absurd."
"The rich have done extraordinarily well but the rest haven't," said Reich to audience applause. "The percentage of total U.S. income of the top 1 percent has doubled in the past 30 years. Given where we are now, we shouldn't even have this debate."
Hubbard opposed raising tax rates for the rich but added, "We need a progressive tax system."
"The wealthy should pay a disproportionate share of taxes," he said.
Hubbard and his debate team colleague, Arthur Laffer, spoke out for tax reform that would lower rates but also broaden the tax base.
"We need to think about growth and fairness. Tax rates should not rise," said Hubbard.
The United States already has one of the most progressive tax systems in the world, he argued. Comparing the U.S. economy to a tall building, Hubbard said the "lower floors are flooded" while the people in the penthouse are doing well -but "the elevator is broken."
If the tax base were broadened with lower rates and tax reform, opportunity would be expanded and "we would get more revenues" to pay for the government," he said.
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Research suggests that not only did wings evolve in dinosaurs earlier than previously thought, they may have evolved merely for courtship displays.
A study in Science describes three Ornithomimosaur specimens - distantly related to birds - from Canada.
Both juvenile and adult specimens had evidence of downy feathers, but only an adult had wing-like structures.
That suggests that wings may have evolved not for flight, but rather to aid in the quest to reproduce.
The Ornithomimids - from the Latin for "bird mimics" - superficially resembled modern-day ostriches, with a toothless beak, large eyes and long legs, but they also had a long, thick tail.
The new specimens were found in ancient river deposits in Alberta, Canada.
They join a number of other striking feathered dinosaurs found in ancient lake deposits in China and Germany, for which the presence of feathers is inferred by subtle markings on the fossil bones and wispy markings in the surrounding fossilised sediment.
However, the new fossils come from a very different part of the dinosaur family tree.
"The specimens from China that show wings are dinosaurs that are more closely related to birds," explained Darla Zelenitsky of the University of Calgary in Canada, lead author on the research.
"This particular dinosaur is a bit more distantly related to birds - it's a more primitive dinosaur... it indicates wings evolved earlier than previously thought," she told the BBC World Service programme Science in Action.
But what is even more striking about the specimens is that while both juvenile and adult specimens showed evidence of all-over coverage of short, down-like feathers, only an adult specimen had what is known as a pennibrachium - a structure with the form of a wing and covered in much longer feathers.
"The presence of the primitive wings in these relatively large dinosaurs indicate that wings did not initially evolve for flight, and the occurrence of these wing-like structures in only the adult individual suggest that these structures were used later in life, perhaps for purposes like display or courtship," Dr Zelenitsky said.
Previous feathered dinosaur fossils were found in lake regions of fine sediments and still waters that served to preserve feathers' impressions.
But the Alberta river deposits are markedly different - they have much coarser sediment and would have been sites of fast water flow.
Dr Zelenitsky said that opens up a great many more sites where more feathered fossils could be found, to fill in the patchy record we have of when - and why - feathers and wings came to be.
Science in Action will be first broadcast on BBC World Service at 19:32 BST (18:32 GMT) on Thursday 25 October, rebroadcast at 04:32 and 11:32 BST on Friday 26 October, and will be available on iPlayer.
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20079390#sa-ns_mchannel=rss&ns_source=PublicRSS20-sa
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Guest blog post from Jessica Johnson, Grassroots Advocacy Manager for ASPCA Government Relations.
North Dakota is one of only two states that still classify even the most malicious acts of animal cruelty as weak misdemeanors. For years the state legislature has refused to take action, so the citizens of North Dakota took the matter into their own hands and gathered more than 25,000 signatures?almost double the amount needed?to put Measure 5 on the ballot this Election Day.
If passed, Measure 5 will protect pets by making extreme cruelty to dogs, cats and horses a class C felony.
Having grown up in northern Minnesota, I feel at home in the Midwest. That?s why I was shocked and horrified to hear this week that a woman in Wisconsin was arrested for deliberately torturing, poisoning, and killing her boyfriend?s dog. There is some relief in the fact that the Wisconsin woman will be charged with felonies and faces five or more years in prison. But if this dog had been tortured and killed in North Dakota, the abuser would get only a slap on the wrist.
I want nothing more than to see Measure 5 passed into law by North Dakota?s voters on November 6?that?s why I?m digging my winter boots and sweaters out of the closet and heading to Bismarck to work on the YES! on Measure 5 campaign!
Please call, email, and text your friends and family in North Dakota and ask them to vote YES! on Measure 5. And if you or someone you know are in North Dakota and want to join me and other volunteers in our efforts to get out the YES! on Measure 5 vote, please email me at grassroots@aspca.org. Let?s do this for the animals!
Source: http://blog.aspca.org/content/north-dakota-pets-we-need-yes-measure-5
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Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg continued to press his mobile agenda during the social network's second conference call with analysts and investors on Tuesday.
Zuckerberg revealed his mobile interests rather earnestly during TechCrunch Disrupt in San Francisco last month, lambasting HTML5 in favor of native apps for smartphones and tablets.
At the time, Zuckerberg remarked that more users on mobile means that Facebook can make a lot more money through mobile over desktop.
The mobile rhetoric also had the benefit of deflecting some of the strong criticisms from analysts following the social network's poor public debut on the Nasdaq this summer.
Nevertheless, Zuckerberg reiterated the role that mobile could play for the company's overall revenue, asserting that "mobile is the most misunderstood aspect of Facebook."
Zuckerberg continued:
Most people underestimate how fundamentally good the trend towards mobile can be for Facebook. This is because there are three trends that are kind of compounded together.
First, mobile would give us the opportunity to reach way more people than desktop. Second, people on mobile use Facebook more often. And third, long-term I think we're going to monetize better per amount of time spent on mobile than desktop.
All of these combined together make mobile in much larger opportunity for us then I think most people realize.
To back this up, Facebook executives added the following numbers throughout the call:
Zuckerberg posited that one of the keys to understanding how to make sense of mobile going forward -- especially from an advertising standpoint -- is to compare mobile more to TV. He described that means high-quality ads that are baked into the mobile experience.
More earnings coverage around ZDNet on Tuesday:
Source: http://www.zdnet.com/zuckerberg-mobile-is-the-most-misunderstood-aspect-of-facebook-7000006266/
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New Common Core Standards won?t help students learn if schools stick with the same old content and teaching strategies, writes Matthew Levey, a parent of three children in public schools and the husband of a teacher.
Non-fiction matters more than ever before, according to Common Core. So how does my tested-above-proficient 8th grader come to believe that the Confederacy was winning the Civil War prior to the Battle of Gettysburg? Perhaps it starts with history textbook with too many empty graphics, organized around themes rather than time. Maybe it starts by asking them to write about the battle before they were assigned the right chapters in the book? If content is king, children don?t seem to be getting enough.
?Children also need much more explicit instruction? to put content into context, Levey writes.
My daughter?s first written assignment this year was to imagine herself as a delegate in 1787, and explain whether she would vote for the Constitution if the Bill or Rights wasn?t included. Since my daughter hadn?t learned anything about the small states vs. big states debate, or any of the other big ideas that roiled Philadelphia that summer, all she could express was her feelings.
. . . Asked to write about the inevitability (or not) of the Civil War, my son struggled. He knew about slavery and industrialization, but years of the Teacher?s College writing model used in our local schools left him ill-prepared to organize his knowledge effectively. Judith Hochman, whose program is credited, in part, for helping save New Dorp High School correctly observes that ?much writing instruction prior to ninth grade ? is based around journals, free writing, memoirs, poems and fiction.?
The result, Hochman notes, is that students don?t know ?how to communicate effectively to an audience. Students are given little or no preparation for the types of expository writing required in high school, college, and the workplace.?
Raising standards without redesigning the curriculum and retraining teachers is doomed to fail, Levey predicts.?
Via Core Knowledge, where Robert Pondiscio has started a squishiness watch on the upcoming common social studies standards.??A draft framework will be released next month, he notes. ?If a?report by Education Week?s Catherine Gewertz?is any indication, they might be so devoid of curricular content as to be functionally meaningless.???The new standards won?t detail issues or events students should study, Gewertz writes. Instead they?ll describe ?the structure, tools and habits of mind? they should develop.
No content? Pondiscio offers the?Core Knowledge Sequence?for Pre-K to 8th grade as a reference.
Source: http://www.joannejacobs.com/2012/10/new-standards-old-content-lite-teaching/
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ScienceDaily (Oct. 23, 2012) ? Bacteria have a bad rap as agents of disease, but scientists are increasingly discovering their many benefits, such as maintaining a healthy gut.
A new study now suggests that bacteria may also have helped kick off one of the key events in evolution: the leap from one-celled organisms to many-celled organisms, a development that eventually led to all animals, including humans.
Published this month in the inaugural edition of the new online journal eLife, the study by University of California, Berkeley, and Harvard Medical School scientists involves choanoflagellates (aka "choanos"), the closest living relatives of animals. These microscopic, one-celled organisms sport a long tail or flagellum, tentacles for grabbing food and are members of the ocean's plankton community. As our closest living relative, choanos offer critical insights into the biology of their last common ancestor with animals, a unicellular or colonial organism that lived and died over 650 million years ago.
"Choanoflagellates evolved not long before the origin of animals and may help reveal how animals first evolved," said senior author Nicole King, UC Berkeley associate professor of molecular and cell biology.
Since first starting to study choanoflagellates as a post-doc, King has been trying to figure out why some choanoflagellates live their lives as single cells, while others form colonies. After years of dead ends, King and undergraduate researcher Richard Zuzow discovered accidentally that a previously unknown species of bacteria stimulates one choanoflagellate, Salpingoeca rosetta, to form colonies. Because bacteria were abundant in the oceans when animals first evolved, the finding that bacteria influence choano colony formation means it is plausible that bacteria also helped to stimulate multicellularity in the ancestors of animals.
"I would be surprised if bacteria did not influence animal origins, since most animals rely on signals from bacteria for some part of their biology," King said. "The interaction between bacteria and choanos that we discovered is interesting for evolutionary reasons, for understanding how bacteria interact with other organisms in the oceans, and potentially for discovering mechanisms by which our commensal bacteria are signaling to us."
No one is sure why choanoflagellates form colonies, said one of the study's lead authors, UC Berkeley post-doctoral fellow Rosanna Alegado. It may be an effective way of exploiting an abundant food source: instead of individual choanoflagellates rocketing around in search of bacteria to eat, they can form an efficient bacteria-eating "Death Star" that sits in the middle of its food source and chows down.
Whatever the reasons, colonies of unicellular organisms may have led the way to more permanent multicellular conglomerations, and eventually organisms composed of different cell types specialized for specific functions.
Sequencing the choanoflagellate genome
King's 12-year search for the trigger of choanoflagellate colony development was reignited in 2005 when she started to prime cultures of the choanoflagellate S. rosetta for a genome sequencing project. The sequencing of another choanoflagellate, the one-celled Monosiga brevicollis, gave some clues into animal origins, but she needed to compare its genome to that of a colony-forming choanoflagellate.
Surprisingly, when Zuzow tried to isolate the colony-forming choanoflagellate by adding antibiotics to the culture dish to kill off residual bacteria, strange things happened, said King.
"When he treated the culture with one cocktail of antibiotics, he saw a bloom of rosette colony formation," she said, referring to the rose petal-shaped colonies that were floating in the culture media. "When he treated with a different cocktail of antibiotics, that got rid of colony formation altogether."
That "rather mundane but serendipitous observation" led Zuzow and Alegado to investigate further and discover that only one specific bacterial species in the culture was stimulating colony formation. When other bacteria outnumbered it, or when antibiotics wiped it out, colony formation stopped. Alegado identified the colony-inducing bacteria as the new species, Algoriphagus machipongonensis. While she found that other bacteria in the Algoriphagus genus can also stimulate colony formation, other bacteria like E. coli, common in the human gut, cannot.
Working with Jon Clardy of Harvard Medical School, a natural products chemist, the two labs identified a molecule -- a fatty acid combined with a lipid that they called RIF-1 -- that sits on the surface of bacteria and is the colony development cue produced by the bacteria.
"This molecule may be betraying the presence of bacteria," Alegado said. "Bacteria just sit around blebbing off little membrane bubbles, and if one of them has this molecule, the choanoflagellates all of a sudden say, 'Aha, there are some bacteria around here.'"
The signal sets off a predetermined program in the choanoflagellate that leads to cell division and the development of rosettes, she said. The molecule RIF-1 is remarkably potent; choanos detect and respond to it at densities that are about one billionth that of the lowest concentration of sugar that humans can taste in water.
"We are investigating this molecule from many sides. How and why do bacteria make it? How do choanoflagellates respond to it, and why?" King said. She and her team also are analyzing the genome of the colony-forming choanoflagellate and the colony-inducing bacteria for clues to their interaction.
King hopes that this unexpected signaling between choanoflagellates and bacteria can yield insights into other ways in which bacteria influence biology, particularly the biology of the gut.
Coauthors with King, Alegado and Clardy are Zuzow, now a graduate student at Stanford University; Laura Brown, now a faculty member at Indiana University; Shugeng Cao and Renee Dermenjian of Harvard Medical School; and Stephen Fairclough of UC Berkeley. Dermenjian is now at Merck.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California - Berkeley. The original article was written by Robert Sanders.
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This information reflects initial calls for service reported by the Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office for the east bank of Jefferson Parish. Locations are approximate due to automated location methods and address inconsistencies, the Sheriff's Office says. Burglar alarm calls are excluded.
8700 block of 26th Street - Oct. 22, 11:04 a.m., criminal damage.
3200 block of 36th Street - Oct. 22, 10:44 a.m., disturbing the peace.
6600 block of Airline Drive - Oct. 22, 12:35 p.m., theft.
7900 block of Airline Drive - Oct. 22, 2:18 p.m., theft.
Airline Drive and Clearview Parkway - Oct. 22, 2:16 a.m., assault.
Airline Drive and David Drive - Oct. 22, 10:58 a.m., vehicle wreck.
3000 block of Andover Street - Oct. 22, 8:21 a.m., criminal damage.
3000 block of Andover Street - Oct. 22, 9:00 a.m., criminal damage.
3000 block of Andover Street - Oct. 22, 9:12 a.m., criminal damage.
1000 block of Aris Avenue - Oct. 22, 4:35 p.m., vehicle burglary.
400 block of Athania Parkway - Oct. 22, 9:48 a.m., theft.
4900 block of Avron Boulevard - Oct. 22, 9:52 a.m., theft.
4600 block of Beau Lac Lane - Oct. 22, 1:26 p.m., suspicious person.
8900 block of Belle Grove Place - Oct. 22, 7:22 p.m., criminal damage.
300 block of Betz Avenue - Oct. 22, 3:37 p.m., residence burglary.
700 block of Blanche Avenue - Oct. 22, 9:00 p.m., vehicle burglary.
2200 block of Blk Caswell Lane - Oct. 22, 4:47 p.m., disturbing the peace.
1200 block of Blk Clearview Parkway - Oct. 22, 8:15 p.m., disturbing the peace.
400 block of Blk Lake Avenue - Oct. 22, 4:02 p.m., criminal damage.
300 block of Blk Lynnette Drive - Oct. 22, 2:46 p.m., suspicious person.
500 block of Blk Richard Avenue - Oct. 22, 4:02 p.m., suspicious person.
4500 block of Blk Southshore Drive - Oct. 22, 12:37 p.m., suspicious person.
Bonnabel Boulevard and Feronia Street - Oct. 22, 12:46 p.m., disturbing the peace.
2300 block of North Causeway Boulevard - Oct. 22, 9:38 a.m., vehicle burglary.
North Causeway Boulevard and Interstate 10 - Oct. 22, 10:19 p.m., drug law violation.
Citrus Boulevard and Dickory Avenue - Oct. 22, 11:50 a.m., vehicle wreck.
Citrus Boulevard and River Oaks Road East - Oct. 22, 7:06 a.m., vehicle wreck.
1100 block of South Clearview Parkway - Oct. 22, 2:05 p.m., theft.
2200 block of Clearview Parkway - Oct. 22, 1:27 a.m., suspicious person.
2200 block of Clearview Parkway - Oct. 22, 1:10 p.m., theft.
Clearview Parkway and Calumet Street - Oct. 22, 12:55 a.m., suspicious person.
Clearview Parkway and Camel Street - Oct. 22, 5:16 p.m., vehicle wreck.
Clearview Parkway and Interstate 10 - Oct. 22, 6:18 a.m., vehicle wreck.
Clearview Parkway and Veterans Memorial Boulevard - Oct. 22, 3:39 p.m., vehicle wreck.
2200 block of Cleary Avenue - Oct. 22, 3:13 p.m., business burglary.
Cleary Avenue and 17th Street - Oct. 22, 1:05 a.m., suspicious person.
900 block of David Drive - Oct. 22, 5:19 p.m., vehicle burglary.
2000 block of Dickory Avenue - Oct. 22, 7:43 a.m., criminal damage.
3400 block of Edenborn Avenue - Oct. 22, 9:35 p.m., disturbing the peace.
1400 block of Edwards Avenue - Oct. 22, 7:06 a.m., vehicle burglary.
4300 block of Englewood Street - Oct. 22, 10:22 a.m., vehicle wreck.
West Esplanade Avenue and Craig Avenue - Oct. 22, 6:25 p.m., vehicle wreck.
West Esplanade Avenue and James Drive - Oct. 22, 8:43 a.m., vehicle wreck.
West Esplanade Avenue and North Woodlawn Avenue - Oct. 22, 7:49 a.m., vehicle wreck.
West Esplanade Avenue and Transcontinental Drive - Oct. 22, 5:11 p.m., vehicle wreck.
200 block of Georgia Court - Oct. 22, 10:12 a.m., vehicle burglary.
4300 block of Grace King Place - Oct. 22, 3:04 p.m., theft.
9200 block of Hermitage Place - Oct. 22, 5:40 p.m., criminal damage.
4200 block of Hessmer Avenue - Oct. 22, 3:16 a.m., battery.
Hickory Avenue and Airline Drive - Oct. 22, 8:13 a.m., vehicle wreck.
3100 block of Houma Boulevard - Oct. 22, 5:13 p.m., disturbing the peace.
200 block of Iona Street - Oct. 22, 6:13 p.m., vehicle wreck.
100 block of Jefferson Heights Avenue - Oct. 22, 10:10 p.m., battery.
Jefferson Highway and Labarre Place - Oct. 22, 2:04 p.m., suspicious person.
Jefferson Highway and Shrewsbury Court - Oct. 22, 11:08 p.m., suspicious person.
Jefferson Highway and Terrace Street - Oct. 22, 10:30 a.m., suspicious person.
600 block of Jefferson Street - Oct. 22, 8:56 a.m., theft.
Kawanee Avenue and Harvard Avenue - Oct. 22, 5:56 a.m., disturbing the peace.
300 block of L and A Road - Oct. 22, 3:15 p.m., burglary.
Labarre Road and Airline Drive - Oct. 22, 3:27 a.m., illegal discharge of weapon.
1100 block of Lake Avenue - Oct. 22, 11:06 a.m., vehicle wreck.
2900 block of Lake Villa Drive - Oct. 22, 2:11 a.m., disturbing the peace.
West Metairie Avenue and Clearview Parkway - Oct. 22, 2:58 a.m., suspicious person.
West Napoleon Avenue and Clearview Parkway - Oct. 22, 2:36 a.m., disturbing the peace.
West Napoleon Avenue and David Drive - Oct. 22, 6:53 p.m., suspicious person.
West Napoleon Avenue and Richland Avenue - Oct. 22, 2:57 p.m., disturbing the peace.
West Napoleon Avenue and Severn Avenue - Oct. 22, 11:47 a.m., vehicle wreck.
11100 block of Newton Street - Oct. 22, 5:19 p.m., drug law violation.
1500 block of Palm Street - Oct. 22, 12:18 p.m., suspicious person.
1500 block of Palm Street - Oct. 22, 2:56 p.m., suspicious person.
300 block of Papworth Avenue - Oct. 22, 1:57 p.m., theft.
100 block of Raspberry Street - Oct. 22, 6:57 a.m., criminal damage.
600 block of Richard Avenue - Oct. 22, 5:48 p.m., disturbing the peace.
6300 block of Riverside Drive - Oct. 22, 12:29 p.m., disturbing the peace.
Roberta Street and Veterans Memorial Boulevard - Oct. 22, 12:25 p.m., vehicle wreck.
400 block of Sadie Avenue - Oct. 22, 10:59 a.m., vehicle wreck.
3000 block of Sam Lenoux Street - Oct. 22, 1:34 p.m., suspicious person.
1900 block of Sandra Avenue - Oct. 22, 11:23 a.m., criminal damage.
2100 block of Sandra Avenue - Oct. 22, 3:00 a.m., suspicious person.
1000 block of Severn Avenue - Oct. 22, 9:57 p.m., criminal damage.
Severn Avenue and West Esplanade Avenue North - Oct. 22, 3:00 p.m., suspicious person.
600 block of Sizeler Avenue - Oct. 22, 12:33 a.m., disturbing the peace.
4700 block of Trenton Street - Oct. 22, 1:09 p.m., vehicle wreck.
3000 block of Veterans Memorial Boulevard - Oct. 22, 10:51 a.m., vehicle wreck.
3300 block of Veterans Memorial Boulevard - Oct. 22, 8:34 p.m., theft.
8800 block of Veterans Memorial Boulevard - Oct. 22, 5:37 p.m., theft.
Veterans Memorial Boulevard and Clearview Parkway - Oct. 22, 2:23 a.m., assault.
Veterans Memorial Boulevard and Cleary Avenue - Oct. 22, 10:02 a.m., vehicle wreck.
Source: http://www.nola.com/crime/index.ssf/2012/10/jefferson_parish_sheriffs_offi_1103.html
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ScienceDaily (Oct. 23, 2012) ? Bacteria have a bad rap as agents of disease, but scientists are increasingly discovering their many benefits, such as maintaining a healthy gut.
A new study now suggests that bacteria may also have helped kick off one of the key events in evolution: the leap from one-celled organisms to many-celled organisms, a development that eventually led to all animals, including humans.
Published this month in the inaugural edition of the new online journal eLife, the study by University of California, Berkeley, and Harvard Medical School scientists involves choanoflagellates (aka "choanos"), the closest living relatives of animals. These microscopic, one-celled organisms sport a long tail or flagellum, tentacles for grabbing food and are members of the ocean's plankton community. As our closest living relative, choanos offer critical insights into the biology of their last common ancestor with animals, a unicellular or colonial organism that lived and died over 650 million years ago.
"Choanoflagellates evolved not long before the origin of animals and may help reveal how animals first evolved," said senior author Nicole King, UC Berkeley associate professor of molecular and cell biology.
Since first starting to study choanoflagellates as a post-doc, King has been trying to figure out why some choanoflagellates live their lives as single cells, while others form colonies. After years of dead ends, King and undergraduate researcher Richard Zuzow discovered accidentally that a previously unknown species of bacteria stimulates one choanoflagellate, Salpingoeca rosetta, to form colonies. Because bacteria were abundant in the oceans when animals first evolved, the finding that bacteria influence choano colony formation means it is plausible that bacteria also helped to stimulate multicellularity in the ancestors of animals.
"I would be surprised if bacteria did not influence animal origins, since most animals rely on signals from bacteria for some part of their biology," King said. "The interaction between bacteria and choanos that we discovered is interesting for evolutionary reasons, for understanding how bacteria interact with other organisms in the oceans, and potentially for discovering mechanisms by which our commensal bacteria are signaling to us."
No one is sure why choanoflagellates form colonies, said one of the study's lead authors, UC Berkeley post-doctoral fellow Rosanna Alegado. It may be an effective way of exploiting an abundant food source: instead of individual choanoflagellates rocketing around in search of bacteria to eat, they can form an efficient bacteria-eating "Death Star" that sits in the middle of its food source and chows down.
Whatever the reasons, colonies of unicellular organisms may have led the way to more permanent multicellular conglomerations, and eventually organisms composed of different cell types specialized for specific functions.
Sequencing the choanoflagellate genome
King's 12-year search for the trigger of choanoflagellate colony development was reignited in 2005 when she started to prime cultures of the choanoflagellate S. rosetta for a genome sequencing project. The sequencing of another choanoflagellate, the one-celled Monosiga brevicollis, gave some clues into animal origins, but she needed to compare its genome to that of a colony-forming choanoflagellate.
Surprisingly, when Zuzow tried to isolate the colony-forming choanoflagellate by adding antibiotics to the culture dish to kill off residual bacteria, strange things happened, said King.
"When he treated the culture with one cocktail of antibiotics, he saw a bloom of rosette colony formation," she said, referring to the rose petal-shaped colonies that were floating in the culture media. "When he treated with a different cocktail of antibiotics, that got rid of colony formation altogether."
That "rather mundane but serendipitous observation" led Zuzow and Alegado to investigate further and discover that only one specific bacterial species in the culture was stimulating colony formation. When other bacteria outnumbered it, or when antibiotics wiped it out, colony formation stopped. Alegado identified the colony-inducing bacteria as the new species, Algoriphagus machipongonensis. While she found that other bacteria in the Algoriphagus genus can also stimulate colony formation, other bacteria like E. coli, common in the human gut, cannot.
Working with Jon Clardy of Harvard Medical School, a natural products chemist, the two labs identified a molecule -- a fatty acid combined with a lipid that they called RIF-1 -- that sits on the surface of bacteria and is the colony development cue produced by the bacteria.
"This molecule may be betraying the presence of bacteria," Alegado said. "Bacteria just sit around blebbing off little membrane bubbles, and if one of them has this molecule, the choanoflagellates all of a sudden say, 'Aha, there are some bacteria around here.'"
The signal sets off a predetermined program in the choanoflagellate that leads to cell division and the development of rosettes, she said. The molecule RIF-1 is remarkably potent; choanos detect and respond to it at densities that are about one billionth that of the lowest concentration of sugar that humans can taste in water.
"We are investigating this molecule from many sides. How and why do bacteria make it? How do choanoflagellates respond to it, and why?" King said. She and her team also are analyzing the genome of the colony-forming choanoflagellate and the colony-inducing bacteria for clues to their interaction.
King hopes that this unexpected signaling between choanoflagellates and bacteria can yield insights into other ways in which bacteria influence biology, particularly the biology of the gut.
Coauthors with King, Alegado and Clardy are Zuzow, now a graduate student at Stanford University; Laura Brown, now a faculty member at Indiana University; Shugeng Cao and Renee Dermenjian of Harvard Medical School; and Stephen Fairclough of UC Berkeley. Dermenjian is now at Merck.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California - Berkeley. The original article was written by Robert Sanders.
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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/jc083uSCCwo/121024101758.htm
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The international community must help the Malian authorities put in place a credible political process that addresses the underlying causes of the country?s crisis and helps them with any military operations which may be needed to return parts of the country to Government control ? while also ensuring that military action ?does not exacerbate existing tensions or worsen an already fragile humanitarian situation.?
That was a key message of the United Nations Deputy Secretary-General, Jan Eliasson, in his remarks today to an African Union (AU), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and UN Meeting of the Support and Follow-up Group on Mali, held in Bamako, in the West African country?s capital.
?Any military action must also support a coherent political strategy for the country?s reunification. And for the international community to back an international military force, human rights and humanitarian law must be scrupulously respected,? Mr. Eliasson said.
?The aim of the political process should be to build a broad-based national vision for the future of Mali. This will require a roadmap for the Transition so that preparations for elections can begin,? he added.
Currently led by Interim President Dioncounda Traor?, Mali has been dealing with a range of security, political and humanitarian problems since the start of the year. Fighting between Government forces and Tuareg rebels broke out in the country?s north in January. Since then, radical Islamists have seized control of the north, where they have imposed an extremist version of Muslim Sharia law as well as restrictions that target women in particular.
Addressing reporters at UN Headquarters last week after a visit to parts of Mali, a senior UN official, the Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, Ivan ?imonovic, cited, among a litany of human rights abuses committed by the Islamists, ?very drastic punishments,? the recruitment of child soldiers, and enforced marriages that are a smokescreen for enforced prostitution.
The instability and insecurity resulting from the renewed clashes, as well as the proliferation of armed groups in the region, drought and political instability in the wake of a military coup d??tat in March, have led over 250,000 Malians to flee to neighbouring countries, with 174,000 Malians estimated to be internally displaced.
In his speech in Bamako, the Deputy Secretary-General said that any political process in Mali should enable its Transitional Authorities to engage in talks with the rebel groups in the north, which represent the legitimate grievances of communities which have suffered from years of marginalization and neglect.
?It is imperative that these groups cut off all ties to terrorist organizations, as called for in Security Council resolution 2071,? Mr. Eliasson said, adding that ?the military forces are to refrain from interfering in the political arena.?
The Council unanimously adopted resolution 2071 last Friday, citing the threat to regional peace from terrorists and Islamic militants in rebel-held northern Mali. In it, it held out the possibility of endorsing, within 45 days, an international military force to restore the unity of the West African nation.
The 15-member body called on Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to support the Malian political process and provide, at once, military and security planners to ECOWAS, the AU and other partners, to help frame a response to a request by Mali?s Transitional Authorities for such a force, and to report back within 45 days.
Upon receipt of the report, and acting under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, the Council said it was ready ?to respond to the request of the Transitional authorities of Mali regarding an international military force assisting the Malian Armed Forces in recovering the occupied regions in the north of Mali.?
Chapter VII of the Charter allows the Council to use force in the face of a threat to peace or aggression, taking ?such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security,? including blockades and other operations by the forces of Member States.
?The important work already done by the Malian authorities, ECOWAS and the AU will serve as a solid basis for our joint efforts,? Mr. Eliasson said, adding that the world body is ready to provide immediate support to a national dialogue and assistance to strengthen national capacities for political negotiations.
?We are also in the process of deploying military planners and security sector reform advisers to Bamako,? he noted.
The Deputy Secretary-General added that the Malian defence and security forces must be at the forefront of internationals effort to combat terrorism and crime in the country?s north.
?A critical first step in this direction will be to support the re-organization of the defence and security forces, as requested by the Malian authorities,? he said, noting that, as called for by the Security Council, comprehensive reform of the security sector must also be at the core of the international community?s collective efforts to consolidate Malian state institutions.
In his remarks, the deputy UN chief also noted the presence at the meeting, and the role of the recently-appointed Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Sahel, a former Italian Prime Minister, Romano Prodi.
?The Special Envoy will be working closely with all of you to mobilize international financial support, coordinate the United Nations integrated regional strategy for the Sahel, and help bring about a comprehensive solution to the crisis in Mali,? Mr. Eliasson said.
The Sahel region, which stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea, and includes Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and parts of Sudan, Cameroon and Nigeria, is currently facing a swathe of problems, which are not only political but also involve security, humanitarian resilience and human rights.
In addition to political instability in Mali, the region suffers from extreme poverty, with human development levels among the lowest in the world, porous borders that present significant security challenges, as well as human rights problems.
Added to that is the humanitarian crisis affecting the region this year, in which over 18 million people are estimated to be at risk of food insecurity and over one million children risk severe acute malnutrition.
Topics: Security situation, Political situation, Peace process,
Source: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/5086821b2.html
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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/qatars-emir-heads-gaza-historic-trip-072713874.html
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School vacation is coming up and many people are planning to travel with their kids. It?s great to have daytrips planned full of activities, especially if there is a lot of sightseeing and outdoor things to do that will last all day long. There are lots of great ?staycations? where you can save a lot of money. But what happens if bad weather strikes? Movies can get expensive and sitting on the sofa and armchairs while watching TV or play video games all the time gets redundant as well. Instead, why not play some card games? It?s inexpensive fun that everyone in the family can participate in. There are all kinds of games for different numbers of players and all different ages. Here are just a few:
Crazy Eights
Two to four people can play. The object of the game is to get rid of all of your cards.
If there are two players, each of them gets seven cards, but if there are 3 or 4 players each gets 5 cards.
The remaining cards are the draw pile. Turn one card over to start the discard pile.
The player to the dealer?s left must match the card?s number or suit. If you don?t have a match you can play an eight and of any suit but decide what suit it represents. If you don?t have either a match or an eight you draw cards from the pile until you get one.
The first person to discard all his or her cards wins.
Stealing Bundles
Two to four people can play.
Four cards are dealt to each player, and four cards are placed face up in the middle of the table. The first player ( to the left of the dealer) either matches one of the cards in the middle, picking it up and placing both cards face up in front of him in a stack called a ?bundle?, or he adds another card face up in the middle.
The next player has the same options plus one more: He can steal the previous player?s bundle, by matching the top card.
Play continues around the table with each player having 3 options:
???? ? matching a middle card
???? ? playing a card in the middle
???? ? stealing a bundle.
When a player runs out of cards, the dealer gives him four more from the deck. If there are no more cards in the middle, the dealer replenishes them from the deck. When the dealer?s deck is gone, the player with the most cards wins.
So keep a deck of playing cards on hand for rainy day family fun.
*Ellen is a blogger who loves playing card games on a rainy day.
[ Tagged In ] family activitiesSource: http://iamfe.com/2012/10/playing-cards-for-a-rainy-day/
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SPRINGFIELD--(ENEWSPF)--October 22, 2012. ?The Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) is alerting health providers across Illinois who received products from the New England Compounding Center (NECC) about new recommendations from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concerning the multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis.
Because of concern about possible contamination of additional medications, the FDA is requesting health providers contact patients who meet all the following criteria:
?The Illinois Department of Public Health wants to make sure health providers in Illinois are aware of the new FDA directive requesting them to contact patients who received specified medications from the New England Compounding Center on or after May 21, 2012,? said Illinois Department of Public Health Director Dr. LaMar Hasbrouck. ?Physicians should conduct a thorough evaluation of patients who report symptoms of infection following exposure to one of these NECC products.?
For medications used in the eye, symptoms could include vision change, increased redness or drainage. Symptoms of meningitis include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea and vomiting, sensitivity to light and altered mental status. Symptoms for other possible infections may include fever; swelling, increasing pain, redness, warmth at the injection site; chest pain; or drainage from the surgical site.
IDPH and FDA do not urge patient follow-up at this time for NECC products of lower risk such as topicals (lotions, creams, eyedrops not used in conjunction with surgery) and suppositories, or for patients who may have received an NECC product before May 21, 2012.
The FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continue to investigate the multistate outbreak of fungal infections among patients who received a steroid injection with a potentially contaminated product, methylprednisolone acetate, produced by NECC. As of October 22, 2012, the CDC reported 297 cases in 16 states, including 23 deaths. Patients who received implicated lots of methylprednisolone acetate have already been notified.
IDPH is continuing to report one probable case ? a Chicago resident who received an epidural steroid injection from one of three implicated lots of methylprednisolone acetate originally recalled by NECC. The person received the injection at one of the three APAC Centers for Pain Management that received the recalled medication. The person received the injection during the exposure period set by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ? May 21 through September 26, 2012 ? and continues to undergo further testing and treatment.
The FDA has posted facility and product information provided by NECC on its website http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm323431.htm. Facilities should determine what NECC drugs meet the specified criteria and contact patients accordingly.
To date, there have been no confirmed reports of infections definitively inked to other products produced by NECC. However, out of an abundance of caution, the FDA and IDPH are recommending additional notifications.
The Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation (IDFPR) has suspended NECC?s pharmacy license. The action taken by IDFPR follows the voluntary surrender of NECC?s license in several states, including Massachusetts. The license suspension is effective immediately and will stay in place indefinitely. If NECC seeks to restore its license in Illinois, it will have to meet stringent requirements outlined in a consent agreement.
For more information on the meningitis outbreak, log onto http://www.cdc.gov/hai/outbreaks/meningitis.html.
Source: idph.state.il.us
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Fishing gifts can range in price from a few dollars to thousands of dollars depending on how much you want to spend. Great gift ideas include fishing reels, fishing poles, rod and reel combinations, fishing tackle, fishing videos and books on fishing.
Last update: Monday 10/22/2012
These tackle boxes are an excellent way to transport your fishing tackle to your favorite fishing spots and make great gifts.
South Bend Soft Sided Tackle Bag
This soft sided tackle bag is waterproof and weather resistant and features a variety of adjustable compartments to keep your fishing tackle in order.
Plano Four Drawer Tackle Box
The four drawer system comes with large bulk storage, four bait racks and side tool storage.
Berkley Stainless Steel Hook Remover
This handy low cost stainless steel tool makes removing hooks a breeze. simple and easy to use and easy on the fish too!
South Bend 7 In 1 Fishing Pliers
These handy pliers designed for fishing use are actually seven tools in one. This must have fishing tool functions as as needle nose pliers, split shot crimper, hook disgorger, fish scaler, can opener, bottle opener, and wire cutter. Chrome plated with non-slip foam handles.
Zebco Omega Z03 Spincast Reel
The Zebco Omega fishing reel represents the highest standards in spincast technology. This fishing reel features features a unique comfortable ergonomic design and is the first spincast fishing reel to have seven ball bearings. The reel is easy to use and made with high quality metal parts.
Abu Garcia Black Max Low Profile Baitcast Reel
The Abu Garcia Black Max baitcast fishing reel features a low profile and compact light weight design. Constructed with a light weight graphite frame and body the reel weighs only 7.9 ounces. Four stainless steel ball bearings plus one roller bearing provide smooth operation.
Pflueger President Spinning Reel
A bass fishing favorite. Without a doubt this is one of the best and smoothest spinning reel that you can get in this price price range. Stainless steel ball bearings make for smooth line retrieval
Source: http://www.squidoo.com/best-fishing-gifts
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Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/IEWqlndXt-c/
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Robin Frijns rewarded with Red Bull test ? Formula 1 news
The Red Bull Racing team has given Robin Frijns, the driver of the Renault World series fame, a chance to test for them in next month?s Young Driver?test at Abu Dhabi.
The test was earned by Frijns as a reward after he recently became successful in attaining the Formula Renault 3.5 title. Red Bull had offered an official test at Yas Marina to the driver who wins the title at the end of the season provided that he is not in deal with any of the other rival Formula 1 teams.
At the time of the announcement, Jules Bianchi had been leading the championship but even if he had won, he would not have qualified for the test as he has close connections to Ferrari and Force India.
Obviously, Frijns qualifies for the test having snatched the title from Bianchi and having no association with Formula 1. He had the chance to drive a Red Bull 2010 car RB6 earlier this year on Moscow raceway. This chance was also a reward when at time he was leading the Renault 3.5 half way through its season and was the first time he got to drive a Formula 1 car.
The driver has also been confirmed by the Sauber F1 team to test with them at the Abu Dhabi Young Driver test along with Esteban Gutierrez who is the third reserve driver for the team. Frijns is now looking forward to two attempts at impressing the respective Formula 1 teams.
Frijns started his racing career with Karting and stepped into the Formula racing by driving for Josef Kaufmann Racing in the 2009 Formula BMW Europe season. In 2011, continuing with his team, he joined Formula Renault 2.0 in which he won the title. This year he shifted to the Formula Renault 3.5 also changing his team to Fortec Motorsports. He remained on the top for the championship battling with Bianchi half way through the season. Despite his controversy with the rival driver, he was able to move ahead from his second place and claim the title. This makes him the first driver to win Renault titles consecutively.
Source: http://blogs.bettor.com/Robin-Frijns-rewarded-with-Red-Bull-test-Formula-1-news-a196652
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GAZA CITY, Gaza Strip (AP) ? The emir of Qatar received a hero's welcome during a landmark visit to Gaza on Tuesday, becoming the first head of state to visit the Palestinian territory since the Islamist militant Hamas seized control of the coastal strip five years ago.
The landmark visit by Sheik Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani handed the ruling Hamas ? branded terrorists by the West and isolated by an Israeli blockade ? its biggest diplomatic victory since taking power. It was also a strong sign of the rising power of oil-rich Qatar, and the mounting influence of Hamas' parent movement, the Muslim Brotherhood, since last year's Arab Spring uprisings.
While Gazans celebrated the emir's arrival, the rival Palestinian government of Mahmoud Abbas in the West Bank was less enthusiastic. Israel condemned the visit as undermining peace.
Hamas wrested control of Gaza from Abbas' Fatah forces in 2007, and West Bank officials fear the emir's visit will give the Iranian-backed Hamas a lift in their feud and make the split between the two territories more permanent.
In a speech at Gaza's Islamic University, the emir urged the warring Palestinian factions to reconcile.
"Why are you staying divided?" he said. "There are no peace negotiations, and there is no clear strategy of resistance and liberation. Why shouldn't brothers sit together and reconcile?"
While Abbas has welcomed Qatar's plans to deliver hundreds of millions of dollars in aid to impoverished Gaza, he also stressed in a phone call with the Qatari leader this week that he is the internationally recognized leader of the Palestinians.
Israel, which brandishes Hamas as terrorist for its suicide bombings and strikes on Israeli civilian targets, denounced the visit.
"It is quite strange that the emir of Qatar should take sides with Hamas, that he will favor Hamas over Fatah that he would even decide to take sides in the Palestinian internal conflict," said Israeli Foreign Ministry spokesman, Yigal Palmor. "This is more than strange, especially since Hamas is internationally recognized as a terror group ... by hugging Hamas publicly, the emir of Qatar has thrown peace under the bus."
In Gaza, white and maroon Qatari flags flapped in the streets and a song called "Thank you, Qatar" played on the radio and on TV. In the border area, Hamas set up a large, carpeted greeting tent, reminiscent of a luxurious desert camp and staged an honor guard ceremony after the emir crossed into the territory from Egypt.
Thousands of cheering and waving Palestinians lined the main road to Gaza City to greet the emir, who rolled down the window of his armored car to shake hands with dozens of people. Women on balconies threw flowers and rice on his convoy.
"This man is bold. I like him. At least he came and visited us, and didn't play games promising like the others," said Majed Tawel, a 33-year-old teacher. "Hamas has won a new victory today and (Abbas) lost."
The emir was received by Gaza's Hamas prime minister, Ismail Haniyeh, who said the visit sent a powerful message.
"Gaza is not alone and Palestine occupies the hearts of Arabs," Haniyeh said. "Your visit today officially announces the break of the economic blockade and political blockade imposed on the Gaza Strip by the forces of injustice."
He said the emir had promised a total of $400 million of aid projects, an increase over earlier plans for $250 million in aid. During his four-hour visit, the emir launched a housing project, hospital and received an honorary degree.
In a sudden change of schedule, the emir called off a planned public address in Gaza City's main soccer stadium. Hamas officials cited the emir's tight schedule, but the stadium was only sparsely filled at the time of the cancellation.
Instead, Sheik Hamad delivered a speech at a smaller venue at Gaza's Islamic University, a Hamas stronghold.
The emir was presented with an honorary doctorate and several presents, including a key from a Palestinian house in what is now Israel. Such keys are a symbol used by Palestinian refugees whose families lost homes during the war surrounding Israel's establishment in 1948.
The Qatari projects will bolster Hamas and help ease its economic woes. Although the Islamist group remains firmly in control, the Israeli blockade has hit Gaza's economy hard.
Israel imposed the blockade after the Hamas takeover in a failed effort to stir up Gazans against their violently anti-Israel rulers. It was forced to ease the land blockade after a deadly May 2010 raid on a blockade-busting flotilla, but still maintains a tight naval embargo in an effort to stem the weapons flow to the coastal territory. Egypt also bans most trade in and out of the coastal strip.
In addition, much of the international community shuns Hamas, a stance that forces it to rely heavily on an underground economy.
At the stadium, Gaza women piled into the back stands reserved for them hours ahead of the emir's speech. They sat under the watchful eye of Hamas policewomen in uniforms of long blue robes, light blue headscarves and navy hats.
"I'm desperate, trying to find a job for my son," said Kifaya Gharabli, 42, who came early in the morning in hopes of catching a glimpse of the Qatari visitors.
Part of the aid package is a $150 million housing project near the southern town of Khan Younis. It will be built near the site of a former Israeli settlement, abandoned when Israel withdrew from Gaza in 2005. The project is called Hamad City ? after the Qatari emir ? and is expected to take about two years to build.
Gaza has been in dire need of building materials since an Israeli military offensive in early 2009, launched in response to years of Hamas rocket fire. Israel restricts the entry of building materials, saying they could be diverted by Hamas for bunkers or military use. In order to get around the Israeli blockade, Qatar plans to ship in the materials through the Egyptian border.
The emir's visit highlighted Qatar's efforts to make its mark on a region in turmoil, in part through a strategy of diverse alliances. The Gulf state expanded its regional influence during the Arab Spring uprisings that toppled dictators in Libya, Tunisia and Egypt last year, lending support to opposition and rebel forces.
At the same time, it hosts a major U.S. air base and thousands of American troops. And while Qatar is leading Arab calls to aid Syrian forces trying to topple Bashar Assad, it has close ties with Syria's key ally, Iran.
Qatar already wielded considerable indirect influence through pan-Arab broadcaster Al-Jazeera, whose launch in 1996 was bankrolled by the Qatari government. It also won the right to host the 2022 World Cup, defeating far bigger bidders, including the United States and Japan.
Also, it demonstrated a bold independence in 1996 when it allowed Israel to open a trade office in the capital, Doha, following the signing of an interim peace accord with the Palestinians. But it shut that office after Israel's 2009 offensive in Gaza and began boosting aid to Hamas, whose leadership relocated to Qatar after leaving war-torn Syria.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/qatari-emir-urges-palestinians-reconcile-155628339.html
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Technically,if you want a definition of wet sanding, I would say it is a better alternative for sanding drywall in household repairs or renovation. This method is effective and safe first because the dry dust can not be released into the air in a time of action. Working in this way is a better choice for all those who are very allergic to excessive rubbing. And second, if there is no dust, no extra effort to clean up the mess settled in other furniture. Hopefully, by now you should have a basic idea of this concept! Wet sanding is nothing but dry sanding process posed drywall or plaster at the time repairs on your home. The main ingredients used in sanding is the right choice of sanding sponge. Yes, the sponge is a ' tool ' used to sand patch and block in the wall. This often requires flushing and cleaning though!
To repair drywall happen anywhere in your home. Just like in the living room or kitchen, bathroom possible, using the proper technique of wet sanding is needed. Below I have covered the most simple method of wet sanding wood.
Wet Sanding Wood
The main purpose of sanding, wood or other wood furniture is to reduce the burden on using liquid sandpaper. dry sanding process using sandpaper will make the blockage with the material you deleted. These are often attached to the paper and make your job all the more difficult. Wet sanding then introduced which would remove the waste material in the blink of an eye you and also keep the sandpaper all clean. When it comes to furniture just to apply varnish and paint didn't finish the job. Reached the surface perfectly updated is an important aspect. Check out the steps below to do the same thing, before you jump on just the aesthetics.
1. step: Given one of your furniture, sand the surface down to 320 grit fitfully and remove all sanding dust from the hole and the pores of the wood. You will have to use compressed air or a vacuum to do so. Also, keeping the cloth in hand tactics to clean the surface.
2. step: After you have successfully completed step 1, paste wood filler to make the surface smooth furbished in part you work. Now mix up a simple solution of water and detergent, wet sand the surface and use a rubber sanding block at the bottom center. All this procedure does not take any time to settle. In the final step, use automotive wax to Polish your article of furniture.
Sanding method is the method most recommended and significant work faster towards the improvement project. While wet sanding drywall that guarantees to keep a bucketful of water next to you. Dip a sponge in and keep rinsing frequently when it became cloudy.
Tips for Wet Sanding Drywall
Select Sponge: the Sponge's election was an important aspect of the wet sanding. They are not heavily weighted at all and its availability is easy at any store near-by. Because they are a light-weighted them larger in size, at least larger than your regular kitchen sponge. This quality sponge moistened sand and drywall simultaneously. It is recommended to go for a sponge in the tapered corners.
Clean the Sponge: now the constant use of a sponge is sure to be a sponge on which all mud sediment and particulate matter will still be absorbed. It is therefore often the cleaning will be necessary, because with more dust settling on sponges, taking the same will interfere. Be sure to keep a bucket of water to rinse and wring out the sponge often. Also, make sure you replace and fill the bucket with fresh water dirty once in a while.
Use of water: the water is not always a good solution for everything. In case of wet sanding, if you use too much water, it will have a big effect on the wall. Use plenty of water striking the wall will reduce drying time. This will extend your project work and ended up making you sick until it was all over. Another aspect of using excessive water is raised or behind the walls of plaster. Too much liquid in it will make the whole thing fall apart. So squeeze a sponge You as often as you can to avoid all the fuss.
Do not speed up your work when working on any remodeling project. Though ingenious finessing and consummation of the object takes time, it's much more a better choice if you want to get a clean process.
Source: http://hipposandcrates.blogspot.com/2012/10/wet-sanding.html
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